More about Document Research
This method is not standalone but typically complements other user research techniques. Document research is best suited for answering specific questions rather than open-ended explorations, because the volume of documents can become overwhelming. As a result, it often serves as a supplement alongside surveys, interviews, or ethnography.
Alongside surveys and ethnography, document research is one of the primary social research methods, widely used to study the needs, behaviours, and expectations of user groups. The analysis involved in document research can be qualitative, quantitative, or a combination of both. When using documents as sources, researchers need to carefully consider the type and reliability of documents to ensure valid and trustworthy research documentation.
Advantages of Document Research
1. Availability
Document research relies on materials that are publicly accessible or obtainable upon request if private, making data sources widely available for analysis.
2. Time and Cost Effectiveness
Since the research focus is clearly defined beforehand, document research is a targeted and closed method. This focused approach saves considerable time and financial resources compared to methods requiring expert consultations or primary data collection.
3. Unbiased Collection Process
Because document research does not involve direct interaction between researchers and subjects, the risk of introducing bias is minimal. Additionally, when dealing with statistical records, the data is factual and can be verified and cross-checked, enhancing the credibility of research documentation.
4. No Need for Researcher Presence During Data Collection
The researcher can analyse documents without being present at the time the original data was collected, making this method flexible and convenient.
Challenges of Document Research
1. Limited by Available Data
Findings are constrained by the quantity and quality of existing documents. If relevant documents are sparse or incomplete, the research outcomes may lack depth.
2. Errors or Biases in Documents
If the documents contain inaccuracies or are biased, these flaws can lead to erroneous conclusions in the research documentation.
3. Documents Used Out of Context
Documents that are taken out of their original context may not provide meaningful or insightful information, affecting the validity of the study.
4. Extensive Preparation Needed Before Analysis
Preparing for document research involves recruiting researchers, identifying relevant sources, and shortlisting materials, which can be time-consuming and resource intensive.