Prototyping

A prototype is a simplified model or mock-up of a concept, product, or service used in UX prototyping to quickly test and validate design assumptions. Whether it’s a low fidelity prototype, high fidelity prototype, or a wireframe prototype, creating these models allows designers to explore ideas efficiently and cost-effectively before full development. Prototyping helps identify necessary refinements and guides the design thinking prototype process, ensuring the final interface prototype aligns closely with user needs and expectations.

Quick details:

Prototyping

Structure:

Structured, Semi-structured

Preparation:

Design concept

Deliverables:

Mockup or prototype

Prototyping

More about Prototyping

Prototyping can take many forms – from simple sketches, storyboards, and mood boards to paper models or even role-playing a service. It doesn’t always have to be a physical or complete model. Sometimes, prototyping just a small part of a product or service is enough to test ideas and see how they might work in the real world. The goal is to bring concepts to life, understand their impact, and explore how well they meet user needs. Prototypes help uncover issues or gaps in design research that might be missed before building the actual product or service. In the case of services, a prototype is often called a pilot.

In the early stages of design, researchers spend a lot of time exploring potential solutions through various methods like surveys, interviews, and focus groups. It’s easy to get attached to these solutions, but there’s always a risk of missing insights or introducing biases. That’s why prototyping is so important – it allows you to test ideas, gather feedback, and make improvements before launching to a wider audience.

While UX prototyping can sometimes be time-consuming, rapid prototyping offers a faster way to test, iterate, and refine designs, helping teams move quickly without sacrificing valuable user insights.

Method

Purpose

Advantages

Disadvantages

Regular Prototyping

To test and validate possibilities by building relatively inexpensive mock-ups so designers can test solutions devised to solve a problem before the final product or service specifications are frozen.

  • In-depth testing is possible.
  • Time can be spent to recruit the right users, collect extensive feedback and tweak the prototype.
  • Can be time consuming.
  • Testing and tweaking the concept may involve costs.

Rapid Prototyping

To demonstrate possibilities quickly by building relatively inexpensive mock-ups so designers are able to obtain quick feedback from which they can tweak the idea or concept to meet user expectations.

  • In situations where time is of essence, rapid prototyping can be very effective in designing mocks and then quickly testing the mock with potential users.
  • Rapid prototyping is usually in the form of sketches, storyboards or paper prototypes so are relatively inexpensive to regular prototyping.
  • The findings may not be as in-depth as in the case of regular prototyping.
  • Feedback about some aspects such as material with which the product is built or the experience of using the actual product or service may get missed with a rapidly designed prototype.

Advantages of Prototyping

1. Validation of Research Findings

Early-stage research doesn’t always reveal the best solution. By creating and testing prototypes – whether a low fidelity prototype or a high-fidelity prototype, designers can uncover deeper insights, validate initial research findings, and identify both positive feedback and potential glitches.

2. Versatile Applications

Prototyping is flexible and can be used to test different ideas and concepts in various forms throughout the design and redesign process.

3. Identification of Issues and Errors

UX prototyping helps spot issues, errors, or biases introduced during earlier research stages, allowing teams to refine solutions before full-scale development.

4. Engaging End Users

Prototyping actively involves potential users, enabling firsthand feedback on the design artifacts. This engagement provides richer insights and a clearer understanding of the value the proposed solution can deliver.

Disadvantages of Prototyping

1. Added Time and Costs

While prototyping helps make informed design decisions, it requires additional time and investment. Recruiting users, conducting tests, iterating on prototypes, and retesting can extend project timelines and increase costs beyond initial expectations.

2. Challenges in End-User Recruitment

The quality of feedback depends heavily on recruiting the right users for testing. Poor recruitment or a limited user base can lead to missed insights and less reliable results.

Think Design's recommendation

No design process is complete without prototyping. Prototyping has been a cornerstone of product development for centuries, serving as a critical step before full product engineering and launch.

What is helpful at this point is to understand why and how prototyping is done:

Why Prototype?

Why: Prototyping is done to test the design intent before investing in producing the design. In simple terms, it is a step before actual product development/ engineering.

How to Prototype?

Prototyping ranges from simple expressions of ideas to detailed, near-final products. Here are key types within the UX prototyping spectrum:

Provotype: A provocative prototype expressed through words or sketches or doodles to assess initial intent before detailed design.

Low Fidelity Prototype: Focused on quick, cost-effective testing with simple models to explore multiple alternatives rapidly.

High Fidelity Prototype: A detailed, close-to-final representation of the product’s look, feel, and functionality.

MVP (Minimum Viable Product): A functional product with the minimum essential features. It is a step further from prototype in that it is functional and usable by the actual users; and MVP is usually undertaken in order to test the actual performance of the product in the market, before investing in full-feature product.

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