Simulation / Modeling

Modeling is the creation of physical, mathematical, or logical representations of a process, product, or service, while simulation is the enactment of those representations. Together, they help designers test design decisions with potential users before launch. In UX and product design simulation, physical models may take the form of prototypes, while role-play, informance, and role-reversal are forms of non-virtual simulation. Virtual models are used to test digital products and services, helping teams shorten the design-test cycle and gather immediate feedback.

Quick details:

Simulation / Modeling

Structure:

Structured, Semi-structured

Preparation:

Topics to be simulated, Simulation tools

Deliverables:

Models, Prototypes

Simulation Modelling

Understanding Simulation / Modeling

In early design stages, researchers spend significant time identifying possible solutions to user problems. This can create bias if a team becomes too attached to a perceived ideal solution. Modeling and simulation help test these assumptions, collect immediate feedback, and explore alternatives before final launch.

This is especially valuable in digital environments, where online models can be accessed by many users at once. User experience data, heat maps, analytics, and other forms of simulation data collection can then be analysed to inform decisions.

A full or partial product or service can be modelled to test design specifications. Model simulation helps bring ideas to life, assess real-world value, and better understand customer experience. It also helps uncover gaps in design thinking that may otherwise remain hidden until launch.

Advantages of Simulation / Modeling

1. Large user participation

If the simulation is online, many users can be involved in testing.

2. Validation of research findings

Testing reveals insights, glitches, and opportunities that early research alone may miss.

3. Wide applicability

The simulation research method can be used across ideas, formats, and stages of design or redesign.

4. Issue and error identification

Modeling and simulation help detect issues, errors, and biases introduced during solution development.

5. End-user engagement

Simulation enables direct feedback from potential users, giving clearer insight into value and experience.

Challenges of Simulation / Modeling

1. Added time and cost

Despite its value, modeling requires recruitment, testing, iteration, and retesting, which increases effort and investment.

2. End-user recruitment challenges

The quality of insights depends heavily on recruiting the right participants. Poor recruitment can lead to missed findings.

Think Design's recommendation

Simulation and prototyping are related but distinct. A prototype represents an intended design, while simulation recreates an experience without replicating the final product exactly. A flight simulator is a good example—it creates the experience of flying without being a prototype of an aircraft. This distinction is central to simulation vs modeling.

Modeling, on the other hand, represents a sequence of events through abstraction. A workflow diagram, for example, may model how a production process functions.

Both methods overlap and are often used together. A simulation may contain a model, and a model may support simulation. Common examples of models include a solar system diagram, astrology chart, periodic table, or business model. Common simulations include movie pre-visualisation, flight simulators, and mixed reality environments.

With the rise of VR, AR, and MR, simulation has become more accessible and practical as a simulation approach in research. It allows designers to study conditions, contexts, and behaviours at speed, scale, and lower cost. Modeling, likewise, has become essential for helping teams across geographies build a shared understanding of systems, workflows, and product contexts.

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