2D Density Plot
History of Density 2D Plot A density plot is a smoothed, continuous version of a histogram, estimated from data using kernel density estimation (KDE). In a 2d kernel density plot, a continuous curve called a kernel is drawn at each individual data point. These curves are then summed to produce a single smooth density estimation. […]
Scatterplot
History of Scatterplot According to statistician Edward Tufte, more than 70% of all charts in scientific publications are scatterplots. Although no physical evidence remains, the research of Friendly and Denis indicates that the original scatterplot was made in 1833 by the English scientist John Frederick W. Herschel. For his study on the orbits of double […]
Histogram
History of Histogram Karl Pearson, a pioneering English mathematician and statistician, introduced the term “histogram” in 1891. He developed this statistical tool to represent continuous data through a diagram like a bar chart. Pearson envisioned histograms as a “historical diagram” meant to chart temporal data such as historical time periods, which inspired the name deriving […]
Hexbin
History of Hexbin Visualization Hexbin visualization was first introduced in a 1987 paper by statisticians D.B. Carr and colleagues as a technique to represent two-dimensional data by dividing the space into hexagonal bins and counting data points within each bin. Hexagonal binning was chosen over traditional square bins due to its ability to better capture […]
Heatmap
Heat Maps are most commonly used to display a more generalized view of numeric values as a graphical representation of data where the individual values contained in a matrix are represented as colors. It is commonly used as an isopleth representing regions of similar value using color splotches. Heatmaps use color the way a bar […]
Choropleth
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income. Choropleth maps provide an easy way to visualize how a measurement varies across a geographic area or show the level […]